Awareness Article #1 has now been assigned.
Due: Oct 20, 2008
Friday, October 17, 2008
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32 comments:
Title: Air Pollution
Author: Richmond, Elliot
Date of article: October 16, 2008
Source: http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Pollution%2522&c=5&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2642050207&st=b&tc=63&tf=32
Air pollution is the contamination of air by unwanted gases, smoke particles, and other substances. Air pollution has been around since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, however air pollution was considered a local problem. The burning of fossil fuels produced the most smoke, so some cities restricted the type of coal that could be burned to hard coal, which burns cleaner than soft coal. More efficient burners were installed and devices were attached to smokestacks to remove soot. Diesel locomotives replaced steam locomotives, which had burned coal or oil to heat the water to make the steam. These changes all led to a gradual reduction in smoke pollution during the last half of the twentieth century.
Additional sources:
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/air/out-ext/effe/health_effects-effets_sante-eng.php
http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/pollution-main.html
Title: Air Pollution
Author: Richmond, Elliot
Date of article: October 16, 2008
Source: http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Pollution%2522&c=5&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2642050207&st=b&tc=63&tf=32
Air pollution is the contamination of air by unwanted gases, smoke particles, and other substances. Air pollution has been around since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, however air pollution was considered a local problem. The burning of fossil fuels produced the most smoke, so some cities restricted the type of coal that could be burned to hard coal, which burns cleaner than soft coal. More efficient burners were installed and devices were attached to smokestacks to remove soot. Diesel locomotives replaced steam locomotives, which had burned coal or oil to heat the water to make the steam. These changes all led to a gradual reduction in smoke pollution during the last half of the twentieth century.
Additional sources:
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/air/out-ext/effe/health_effects-effets_sante-eng.php
http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/pollution-main.html
POLLUTION
Ed. Robyn V. Young
Pollution can be defined as unwanted changes in the natural system. Most people think that pollution is mostly caused by large quantities of waste, but it’s also associated with heat and excessive fertilization of nutrients. If some potentially polluting substance is present at a concentration or intensity that is less than the threshold required to cause a demonstrable ecological change, then the situation would be referred to as contamination, rather than pollution. Pollution can be illustrated by reference to the stable elements, for example, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, uranium, etc. All of these are consistently present in at least trace concentrations in the environment. In conclusion it is almost impossible to diminish all pollution in our environment.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution
http://www.webofcreation.org/Earth%20Problems/pollution.htm
Cory
Tsunamis
1. Article by Max Strieb
2. Article by Macmillan Reference USA
Tsunamis are large seismic waves in coastal regions. Tsunamis are caused by underwater seismic activities. The Earth’s crustal plates move, and cause the seismic activities. Tsunamis are long waves, with a period of time ranging from 6 to 60 minutes. The waves usually travel at 450 miles per hour. The form of the wave changes when it hits shallower water. The waves begin to make friction on the bottom of the sea, and the wave slows down. Since the part at sea is still moving in quickly the water gets compressed, and the waves can be as high as 100 feet tall in extreme cases. Tsunamis are most common in the perimeter of the Pacific Ocean, because crustal plates are located there. Tsunamis can also occur at the Caribbean islands, and at the Mediterranean Sea. Tsunamis are among the most destructive forces of nature, and can take lives, or destroy people’s homes.
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Tsunamis%2522&c=2&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2644151418&st=b&tc=63&tf=0
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?ste=1&docNum=CV2640550230
Original article Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_implant
Neural implants are widely discussed in science-fiction films as a modification to the human mind, increasing intellectual capabilities. The real implications of these objects are to actually fix problems in our minds caused by certain medical conditions. They are currently being used to help rehabilitate people with genetic disorders like; epilepsy, parkinson’s and also other brain disorders like depression and dystoria. The kind of implants used in science fiction series/movies like Start Trek are referred to as brain-computer interfaces, this allows them to communicate with computer like devices with a sense of telepathy. Or it allows them to see object that are not there, such as holographic hey boards that actually is connected to another computer. The medical implants work by being placed on a part of the brain or the brains cortex, they stimulate certain parts of the brain with electrical pulses. They have had an even more prominent use in recent years with the rapid increase of technology. Some people fear that one day that we will replace our ENTIRE brain with a robotic replica, people fear that those “robotic” brains will be able to be hacked and memories will be able to become augmented. Like almost everything the human race accomplishes, look like this blade is double edged!
Related Sites:
http://machinedesign.com/ContentItem/67966/Wirelessisgettingunderourskin.aspx
http://www.cyberkineticsinc.com/pdf/cyber.pdf
Electricity
Electricity is defined as a general term that describes a basic property of matter called electric charge. Electricity is created by charged particles that are known as electrons, positrons, and ions. The basic unit for electricity is the centimetre-gram-second. The centimetre-gram-second is a system of measurement in which the centimetre, gram, and second are the units of length, mass and time. Electricity has both positive and negative charges. Benjamin Franklin was one of the first people too find out about electricity and how it worked.
Nanomedical approach targets multiple cancer genes, shrinks tumors more effectively.
NewsRx Health & Science
A method of treating cancerous genes and proteins has been developed at the Penn State College of Medicine. The cancer drug works differently than most cancer drugs; instead of targeting many proteins, this drug turns off two cancerous proteins, B-raf and Akt3 that work together to create tumors. The drug itself is nanoliposomes filled with a Ribonucleic acid that is administered with ultrasound to turn off the proteins. The nanoliposomes protect the RNA from chemicals in the skin that degrade the RNA. When only the separate proteins were targeted, the cancer growth rate only decreased by 30%. When both were targeted, the growth rate decreased by 70%. In the future, the researchers may be able to target more cancerous proteins, further decreasing tumor growth and more effectively treating the recipent.
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Genetic+engineering%2522&c=5&t=2&ste=22&docNum=A185731465&st=b&tc=31&tf=0
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Genetic+engineering%2522&c=11&t=2&ste=22&docNum=A178900043&st=b&tc=31&tf=0
Chris K.
Title: Cancer
Source: World of Anatomy and Physiology. Online. Detroit: Gale, 2008.
Cancer is a very deadly, dangerous and well known disease. This disease has caused many to loose family members and loved ones, for scientists have yet to find a cure. The most common types of cancer are skin, lung, kidney, breast, colon and leukemia. Cancer may be as old as humankind, but was most recognized in the year 1775, by Sir Percivall Pott. Cancer is caused when certain cells in the human body lose their ability to regulate cell division. The cells just continue to multiply and end up invading other tissues, which causes the normal cells to be either crowded or destroyed. Scientists believe that cancer is linked to changes in the genetic material of a cell, and that the cancer cells may include deletions or translocations of certain genes. Although there is no known cure to cancer at this time, there are many therapies available to people with the disease that help to improve the cure rate of cancer. The two man therapies are Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy. Chemotherapy uses drugs to attack and attempt to kill the cancer cells in the body. Immunotherapy is a process where physicians use various methods to stimulate the patient’s immune system to help fight off the disease.
Allison Phipps
Links:
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dc-ma/cancer/index-eng.php
http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_main.asp?channel_id=12
"Global Warming" planet sciences
By: Michael A. White
Global warming is the global climate warming. The cause of global warming is that the greenhouse gasses, such as carbon dioxide(caused by burning fossil feuls), traps heat radiated by the Earth in the atmosphere. Then a portion of it is re-emmited back to the ground. The greenhouse gasses are greatly responsible for the increased temperatures across the globe. This process is called the enhanced greenhouse effect. Different areas of the world and different seasons will warm more than others. The global atmospheric circulation patterns that transfer heat from the poles to the tropics, has caused warming to be greater at greater latitudes. Through observations scientists are saying that not only is the Earths's climate warming, now it has begun to warm at greater pace compared to even around 60 years ago. For example, surface temperatures increased by 0.5'C during the 20th century. Another indication that the surface temperature is increasing is, the decreasing cover of ice over the seas and the retreating of glaciers. Even though global warming is increasing, there are ways to set it back. For example, most clouds reflect solar radiation, this would help to decrease surface temperatures. Plants can also help to regulate the increasing temperature. Only around half of the carbon dioxide that is put into the Earth's atmosphere actually stays there, the rest is soaked up by the Earth. Some of it is soaked up by the oceans, but the plants absorb some of it as well. Many plants like trees store the carbon dioxide in it's wood. So, therefore in way, the plants are helping to decrease the enhancing greenhouse effect. Unfortunately, the plants won't be able to continue this forever. Over time, the trees will die and the stored carbon dioxide will go in the soil and begin to decompose. As the temperature increases it will also increase the decomposition, which will release carbon dioxide from the soil. Even though it is great that plant life can help it won't last forever, so it is up to us to reduce fossil feul emissions, to finally be able to begin to reduce greenhouse gasses, which will in turn, reduce global warming.
By: Sydney
Name of article: Giant Deep-Sea Volcano With "Moat of Death" Found
Date of article: April 14, 2006
Author: not available: Richard A. Lovett
Site: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/04/0414_060414_volcano.html
Near the island of Samoa, a region named The Moat of Death, scientist have discovered an active volcano within a 3.2 km wide crater set in a large underwater mountain 4, 500 meters above the sea floor named Nafanua. Hubert Staudigel of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California, along with his colleagues revisited the sit in 2005 after mapping it only five years earlier. They found new volcanic formations, evidence of Nafanua’s volcanic activity. They also noticed that the area had a particular amount of sea life, an unusual finding for that depth of ocean. They were able to discover that the thriving life was due to certain ocean current that formed a vortex that brought in the food, and not simply due to an abundance of microbes lingering near the volcanic vents. The quantity life is even more astonishing yet as the area is found to be very toxic with extremely low oxygen levels, iron soot and high levels of liquid carbon dioxide (both caused by the volcanic vents). The toxicity of the water is causing a majority of the sea life brought into the area to die, while other life seems to thrive. Carbon dioxide is being trapped within the moat which suggests that the chemistry of our oceans are drastically changing and scientist think it’s due to the rising carbon dioxide levels in our environment throughout the years. The complexity of this region as brought the scientist to the conclusion that it is a new habitat and may be a vital clue to understanding the future of our oceans.
Additional links:
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/12/1212_051212_megaplume.html
http://scrippsnews.ucsd.edu/Releases/?releaseID=930
GALAXIES
by: Ed. Kimberley A. McGrath and Bridget Travers
This Article is about galaxies which are large collections of stars that are held together by gravity. They contain planets, stars, dust, gas, and other material just like our own, the Milky Way. Many scientists discovered that the Milky Way was a lens shape. But later in time Edwin Powell Hubble had solid proof that other Galaxies in fact did exist. Soon they discovered that galaxies could be classified into two groups, spiral and elliptical. But out of the millions of galaxies in the world one third are irregular shaped. Stars are still forming and galaxies will always be changing. Scientists hope that some day they will get a better look at the many wonders that lie beyond earth.
Other links :
http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/gal_lss.html
http://www.astr.ua.edu/goodies/data_resources/galaxies.text
POST MADE BY: LAUREN !
Title: Animal Cancer Tests
Author: Robert G. McKinnell
Date of Article: October 19th, 2008
Source: http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?ste=1&docNum=CV2644030114
Animal testing is very important to the further development research of cancer. Scientists test on animals to better understand causes of various types of cancers without endangering humans with a treatment that has yet to be proven effective. Animals are used to evaluate safety and anti-cancer benefits of drugs or other treatments. The Animal Welfare Act of 1966 and several amendments are used to make sure the animals being tested are treated with humane care. Handling of warm blooded and other animals used for research is one part that the act designates towards the U.S Department of Agriculture. According to scientists’, mice are the best candidate model for cancer research. Mice have many similar features to humans and they can develop all the various types of cancers that humans can. Humans and mice share the same genes involved in many of these cancers, so it is simple to implant human tumors in mice. Without animal testing the world would have no intelligence of the development of cancer in humans as well as animals. Thanks to the mice, scientists’ can establish new treatments and drugs to help cancer patients.
Natalie
Other Sources:
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?ste=1&docNum=CV2642050013
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?ste=1&docNum=CV2644150078
Title: Tsunamis
Author: Max Strieb
Date: October 19, 2008
Source: http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Tsunamis%2522&c=2&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2644151418&st=b&tc=63&tf=0
Tsunamis are large seismic sea waves that can cause major damage in costal regions. Tsunamis are sometimes mistaken for tidal waves, but they actually have nothing to do with tides at all. Tsunamis are caused by underwater seismic activity, like an earthquake. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of the Earths crustal plates. You can not feel a tsunami in deep water, but the wave begins to get big when it reaches shallow water. (When the waves are in the middle of the ocean, they have lots of room to move around, but when the waves start to get near the shore, they have nowhere else to go and get larger). Tsunamis are mostly found in the Pacific Ocean, the chain of the Caribbean islands, and in the Mediterranean.
Additional sources:
http://www.chevroncars.com/learn/wondrous-world/tsunamis
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Tsunamis%2522&c=7&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2641950492&st=b&tc=63&tf=0
Submitted by: Kyla
Title: Levers
Author: Kimberley A. McGrath
It states that a lever is something that moves on a fixed point. The examples it give are a crow bar, seesaw and a bottle opener. A lever is a simple machine that works from the energy a human gives it called the input and the work that goes from a machine to another object is called the output. The output work can never be more that the input work. The force that is put into the lever is called the effort force. Based on the location of the fulcrum, Levers can be divided into three groups; first class levers are those where the fulcrum is between the effort force and the resistance force. Such as crowbars and seesaws. The second class is levers are those where the fulcrum is at the end of the bar or rod. These levers also multiply the effort force applied by decreasing distance; however, the direction of the force is not changed. Changed. Examples of second-class levers include a wheelbarrow or a bottle opener. Third-class levers are those where the fulcrum is at the same end as the effort force. In these levers, the resistance distance is actually greater than the effort distance.
Links:
http://www.edheads.org/activities/simple-machines/
http://www.sciencetech.technomuses.ca/english/schoolzone/Info_Simple_Machines.cfm
Steven
Title: Dyslexia
Author: A. Mullig
Date of Article: ? 2006
Source: http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?ste=1&docNum=CV2644030730
This article defines dyslexia as “the inability to read properly”, though different scientists or doctors in America would define it differently. It is a disability that stops certain signals to the brain and makes it harder for people to write.
The main problems that Dyslexia causes are poor handwriting, strange spelling mistakes, skipping words, writing words in a different order (such as backwards), or dropping certain letters in words (like instead of jumping, it would be jump).
The word “dyslexia” is from the Greek words ‘dys’ meaning ‘poor’ and ‘lexis’ meaning ‘language’. Dyslexia is not a mental, physical or emotional problem. People who have dyslexia are usually perfectly healthy with no health issues, and is extremely rare.
A way for a person to get dyslexia is through genetics: people who have the disability usually have relatives who have it as well. 8% of the world population is dyslexic, and the majority of the people who have it have had it passed down to them through genetics. Causes of dyslexia is still being studied, and scientists have noticed that males get dyslexia more than females do (ratio is around 3:1), so they are testing to see if the male hormone, testosterone, has anything to do with dyslexia. They thought that maybe, when the fetus is developing testosterone before birth, it might slow down the growth process of the left side of the brain, but other scientists don’t think that’s the case. Some researchers say that couldn’t happen because dyslexia is a disability that affects a person’s reading and writing, not speaking, which is also on the left side of the brain.
So far, nobody has found a cure for dyslexia, but it can be treated. People who don’t a very serious case of dyslexia can learn to get better at writing on their own. They can also see a specialist who will help them to get better with their reading and writing skills.
Additional Sources:
http://www.interdys.org/
Mortimore, Tilly. Dyslexia and Learning Style: A Practitioner's Handbook. London, UK: Whurr, 2003.
Submitted by: Ashley
Title: 7 Reasons Men Die First; And what they can do about it. Author: Adam Voiland Date of article: June 13th 2008-10-20 Source: http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?ste=1&docNum=A180175997
The article I chose talks about why men die first and how to prevent it. History proves that more men have died of early age then woman. Many people have their point of view on the topic and well known science and disease writer Adam Voiland explained some of the statistically 7 proven reasons. The article began with 7 reasons on why men have a better chance to die before woman then ended on 7 reasons to prevent. One fact on why they have a better chance to die first was, Even know woman are most likely to commit suicide men still have had more accidental death and major injuries due to being competitive and advancing through pain. After the 7 reasons on why they have a better chance to die first, he then began some easy procedures to prevent it. An easy thing to keep in mind to prevent long term health is to protect your head because injury to your head can cause bleeding and loss of memory over time.
Additional Sources: http://women.webmd.com/guide/20061201/why-women-live-longer
http://longevity.about.com/od/longevity101/tp/mens_longevity.htm
Name: Kalid
Title: Homeostasis
Date: October 18, 2008
Author: Kimberley A. McGrath
Source:
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=homeostasis&c=4&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2642150190&st=b&tc=23&tf=0
The process where the internal systems of the human body control/maintain a balance, despite eternal conditions is called Homeostasis. Founded in 1851, by French Physiologist, Claude Bernard. Claude discovered the relative constancy of an organism’s internal environment; he named it the milieu intérieur while living in a changing external environment. Later, an American physiologist, Walter Cannon named the term homeostasis. Homeostasis’s job is to ensure that the organs of the body operate in their normal limits causing them to function normally. It is based on a feedback system where information is sent to a certain control center where it then directs a certain organ to react the way it is supposed to. Organisms have many mechanisms and structures for maintaining homeostasis. Some of the mechanisms are under involuntary control from the nervous system. For ex. Inner temperature, blood pressure, and the digestion of food are all involuntary controls from the nervous systems. Some mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis are more directly controlled by the organism. For example, a lizard has to maintain its internal temperature by changing its external environment by moving direct sunlight to shade as the lizard needs to heat up and cool down. Homeostasis has a survival value because the organism can adapt to its changing environments. Without homeostasis, the constant internal environment will change and the organs may not work efficiently.
Additional Sources: http://www.gonzaga.k12,nf.ca/academics/science/sci_page/biology/homeostais_notes.htm.
http://www.biology-online.org/4/1_physiological_homeostasis.htm
Title: Pyrotechnics
Author: Ed. Robyn V. Young
Date of Article: 2008
Source: http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?ste=1&docNum=CV2432500608
This article discusses the art of pyrotechnics. Pyrotechnics can be used in a wide variety of ways, such as things like a colourful fireworks display to flares to warn others of accidents. The Chinese discovered pyrotechnics in the Sung Dynasty by combining charcoal, potassium nitrate, and sulphur to create rockets and fireworks. The main ingredients of pyrotechnics are an oxidizer (usually consisting of perchlorate, nitrate, chlorate, or a peroxide of strontium, barium, or potassium), a binder to hold everything together, and a fuel (charcoal, antimony sulfide, sulfur, boron, titanium, magnesium, or aluminium). There might also be something to delay it, and there is always an igniter. Some manufacturers of fireworks may also add extra chemicals to produce special effects. For example, magnesium could be added for a bright white light, aluminium or iron shavings to give off white or gold sparks, or an unstable burner such as potassium benzoate to produce a whistling sound. The military uses flares to illuminate large areas behind which they can hide as it leaves no shadow. Nitrogen can be produced to propel air bags on impact in cars, and U.S space shuttles rely heavily on pyrotechnics to get the craft into orbit since it is present in its rocket boosters.
Additional Sources:
http://www.pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/86/8626cover.html
http://www.chemistry.about.com/od/howthingswork/a/fireworks.htm
Submitted By: Christina
Title: Galaxies and Galaxy Clusters
Author: Kimberley A. McGrath
Date: 2008
Source: http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Galaxies%2522&c=1&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2434500193&st=b&tc=63&tf=0
This article is about galaxies and galaxy clusters. Galaxies are gravitationally bound dense clusters of stars. There is approximately one million to one trillion stars in a galaxy. Astronomers estimate there being around 100 billion galaxies. Galaxies can be all different sizes and masses. No one definitively knew until 1923 that galaxies existed outside our galaxy. Galileo used a telescope to discover that the Milky Way consisted of individual stars not visible to the naked eye. Immanuel Kant suggested that the Milky Way may not be alone in the universe. The main classes of galaxies are: spiral, barred spiral, elliptical, and irregular. Galaxies cluster in agglomerations called groups, clusters, or super clusters.
Additional sources: http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Galaxies%2522&c=5&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV1648500257&st=b&tc=63&tf=0
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Galaxies%2522&c=8&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2640550083&st=b&tc=63&tf=0
Drew Richards
Title: Genetic Disorders
Date: October 20th 2008
Author: Ben Nasr
Different genetic disorders can cause many different particular diseases. Despite the many types of genetic disorders, they do not always have to be inheritable to have a basis of genetics. In other words an example might be disorders resulting from mutations in somatic cells that might have happened trough an agent (Chemical Ultra-Violet Light, Radioactive Element) increasing the frequency of a mutation in an organism. There are plenty genetic disorders resulting from a couple mechanisms. Genetic disorders don’t always depend on modification to nuclear DNA, there are disorders that can result from modification to other DNA. If a gene affiliated with a genetic disorder is found on the X chromosome, more than not males are affected more often and severely compared to females. This is because in females (heterozygous for such an X-linked trait) there is a regular type of that gene to compensate. Males have one X chromosome, so if a X-linked gene is mutated, it commonly will have a more drastic affect (X-Linked genetic disorders include hemophilia and red-green colour blindness. Abnormalities in chromosomes (addition or deletion of chromosomes) can happen due to errors that occur when the sperm and egg (gametes) are formed, during fertilization, or during the early development of the zygote. The majority of chromosome abnormalities are lethal, resulting in spontaneous miscarriage, or death as an infant. Not many people with chromosome abnormalities survive and live into adulthood. People with a defect on the 21st chromosome (down syndrome) are an example of a chromosome abnormality where you can survive well into your adulthood.
By: Zach Stimpson
Title: Biotechnology
By: Brian Hoyle
The article discusses biotechnology; specifically by describing the steps involved and summarising the history of the science field. The most important step in the process is for scientists to examine a DNA molecule and decide what they will change. Usually this involves adding new instructions to its programming or correcting pre-existing errors. Biotechnology is complicated by the differences in genetic coding and organization between bacteria and more complex organisms, such as animals. Biotechnology has many uses in today’s society, such as genetically modifying food, or cloning.
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Biotechnology%2522&c=4&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2644030292&st=b&tc=63&tf=32
Links:
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Biotechnology%2522&c=7&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2642650022&st=b&tc=63&tf=32
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Biotechnology%2522&c=13&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2643450771&st=b&tc=63&tf=32
- Kelly
Professor Predicts Human Time Travel This Century
By Lisa Zyga
This article is all about time travel, and physicist Ronald Malett has put together a device that just might do it. His ideas come from 2 of Einstein’s most popular ideas, E =MC squared, and his theory of relativity. Using these Ron thinks that time travel is possible. His idea is to use a circulation laser beam by bouncing it off mirrors. According to the equation E =MC squared mass and energy are the same thing, so previous theories about using black holes as a time travel deceive are no longer needed because of the enormous amounts of mass they would require to be made. His idea uses that equation by using light (AKA energy) as appose to large quantities of mass. The other aspect that comes from Einstein is his theory of Relativity. An idea from the theory of relativity is that time and space are connected, there the almost the same thing, and what happens to one happens to the other. Theoretically if we were to bend empty space we would also in turn end up bending time. Ron Mallett added this all up and realized by creating the circulating a laser beam he would warp the space in the middle of it. Much like stirring coffee with a spoon(lasers = spoon, empty space = coffee). If the light(energy) really does warp the space then according to Einstein’s theory time would also be warped create a time loop and making time travel possible. To see if it works Ron will put sub atomic particles like neutrons into the light beams and observe to see if they appear and reappear. Theoretically if the machine starts up instantly a particle should appear before he even puts one in because in the future he would send particles back and they can only go as far back as the machine was first turned on. If all his ideas work and these experiments go well is predicted that time travel could be made possible this century.
Article I used:
http://www.physorg.com/news63371210.html
Article/video links:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oRWwI61so5Q&feature=related
http://www.quantumleap-alsplace.com/mediapages/ronaldmallett.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7vpw4AH8QQ
Daniel
Title: Biotechnology
Author: Brian Hoyle
The article discusses the steps involved in biotechnology, along with a history of the scientific field. The most important step is for scientists examine a molecule’s DNA and decide what they would like to change (usually adding new instructions to the DNA or modifying pre-existing mutations to repair errors). The article explains how process has been complicated by the differences in the organization and coding of DNA between bacteria and more complex organisms, like humans. There are many useful applications of biotechnology, such as genetically modifying food to increase nutrients and preserve it longer.
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Biotechnology%2522&c=4&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2644030292&st=b&tc=63&tf=32
Links:
http://www.nature.com/nbt/index.html
http://www.oecd.org/topic/0,3373,en_2649_37437_1_1_1_1_37437,00.html
- Kelli
Global Warming
The term global warming simply means that the global climate is warming. Global warming is the ongoing rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. This warming is caused mostly by the increase in the atmosphere of certain gases that trap heat. These gases are called greenhouse gases because they cause Earth's atmosphere to let energy from the sun enter but let less energy escape, somewhat like the glass roof of a greenhouse. Humans are popularly assumed to be the cause of global warming. Further, global warming is usually assumed to be harmful to humans and to plant and animal life. Nearly all of the scientific community agrees that based on surface temperature observations, the global climate warmed by about 0.5° C in the twentieth century. Satellite observations of global temperatures show warming trends between 1970 and 1990 similar to those found in surface observations. Decreases in sea ice cover and global glacier retreat provide corroborating evidence of global warming. Different areas of the world and different seasons have warmed more than others. Due to global atmospheric circulation patterns that transport heat from the tropics to the poles, warming has been greatest in high latitudes. In some areas of Alaska and Asia, average temperatures have warmed by over 4°C. Warming has also been greatest in spring months, particularly March, and in nighttime minimum temperatures much more than in daytime maximum temperatures.
Additional Sources:
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Global+warming%2522&c=3&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2643510068&st=b&tc=63&tf=0
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Global+warming%2522&c=1&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2643350121&st=b&tc=63&tf=0
Title: Matter
Author: Kimberley A. McGrath
Date of Article: 2006
Source: http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Matter%2522&c=1&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2431500377&st=b&tc=63&tf=48#SourceCitation
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Mass can be defined in relation to inertia. Inertia is the resistance of matter to a change in its speed or position as a result of the application of a force. The greater the mass of an object of matter, the smaller the change produced by an applied force. Conservation Laws in physics state that physical properties (i.e., measurable quantities such as mass) do not change. These laws of conservation govern matter, energy, momentum and electric charge. Each such law states that fundamental, physical, measurable quantities of matter, energy, momentum and electric charge remain constant with the passage of time. An important function of conservation laws is that they make it possible to predict observable behavior without having to consider the microscopic details of the course of a physical process or chemical reaction.
Other Sources: http://classroom.jc-schools.net/sci-units/matter.htm
http://teacher.scholastic.com/dirt/matter/whatmat.htm
Title:Xylotomy
Author: Susan Aldridge
Source:http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?sgsl=bi&locID=winn39111&bi=SU&sgos=%2522Biology%2522&sgcmd=REL&bt=%2522Forensic+Biology%2522&c=1&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2644042502&sgit=38&st=b&tc=31&tf=0
year published:2008
In forensic investigations, evidence can occur in bizarre forms. Generally most people think of evidence as fingerprints, blood and hair, but it can essentially be found in any shape or form. Xylotomy is the examination of tiny pieces of wood under a microscope. This study is important for forensic research and investigation because there are many cases that include wood splinters, chips, etc. These wood fragments act as important evidence because they expose a lot of information of the suspect based on the type of tree it is from, and how the evidence was used, etc. When the wood is examined, they mount tiny sections of it on a microtome and are then stained, revealing cells and grain detection, which is found under a microscope. It is quite hard to find the right tree species from this kind of detection so it is matched to samples that help find what timber is involved. When splinters are found either in the suspect’s clothes or skin, it can be matched to samples of the entry and exit sites of the scene. There are many examples of wood being an important role in even famous cases of crime scenes and it is not always used as only a weapon. In one investigation a wooden ladder was left at the scene and was eventually traced back to a carpenter who was arrested and accused of the kidnapping of a young girl.
other sources:http://lape.bf.jcu.cz/eng/xylotomy.php
Title:Xylotomy
Author: Susan Aldridge
Source:http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?sgsl=bi&locID=winn39111&bi=SU&sgos=%2522Biology%2522&sgcmd=REL&bt=%2522Forensic+Biology%2522&c=1&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2644042502&sgit=38&st=b&tc=31&tf=0
year published:2008
In forensic investigations, evidence can occur in bizarre forms. Generally most people think of evidence as fingerprints, blood and hair, but it can essentially be found in any shape or form. Xylotomy is the examination of tiny pieces of wood under a microscope. This study is important for forensic research and investigation because there are many cases that include wood splinters, chips, etc. These wood fragments act as important evidence because they expose a lot of information of the suspect based on the type of tree it is from, and how the evidence was used, etc. When the wood is examined, they mount tiny sections of it on a microtome and are then stained, revealing cells and grain detection, which is found under a microscope. It is quite hard to find the right tree species from this kind of detection so it is matched to samples that help find what timber is involved. When splinters are found either in the suspect’s clothes or skin, it can be matched to samples of the entry and exit sites of the scene. There are many examples of wood being an important role in even famous cases of crime scenes and it is not always used as only a weapon. In one investigation a wooden ladder was left at the scene and was eventually traced back to a carpenter who was arrested and accused of the kidnapping of a young girl.
other sources:http://lape.bf.jcu.cz/eng/xylotomy.php
title:Xylotomy
Author: Susan Aldridge
Source:http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?sgsl=bi&locID=winn39111&bi=SU&sgos=%2522Biology%2522&sgcmd=REL&bt=%2522Forensic+Biology%2522&c=1&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2644042502&sgit=38&st=b&tc=31&tf=0
year published:2008
In forensic investigations, evidence can occur in bizarre forms. Generally most people think of evidence as fingerprints, blood and hair, but it can essentially be found in any shape or form. Xylotomy is the examination of tiny pieces of wood under a microscope. This study is important for forensic research and investigation because there are many cases that include wood splinters, chips, etc. These wood fragments act as important evidence because they expose a lot of information of the suspect based on the type of tree it is from, and how the evidence was used, etc. When the wood is examined, they mount tiny sections of it on a microtome and are then stained, revealing cells and grain detection, which is found under a microscope. It is quite hard to find the right tree species from this kind of detection so it is matched to samples that help find what timber is involved. When splinters are found either in the suspect’s clothes or skin, it can be matched to samples of the entry and exit sites of the scene. There are many examples of wood being an important role in even famous cases of crime scenes and it is not always used as only a weapon. In one investigation a wooden ladder was left at the scene and was eventually traced back to a carpenter who was arrested and accused of the kidnapping of a young girl.
other sources:http://lape.bf.jcu.cz/eng/xylotomy.php
Title: Coronary disease
In this article I learned that Coronary disease is usually caused by 3 conditions called atherosclerosis which occurs when fatty material and a substance called plaque builds up and makes a wall which causes them to get narrow. As the coronary gets more narrow blood starts to flow to the heart which can slow down or stop, causing chest pain, heart attack or other symptoms. Men in there 40’s have a much higher chance to get CHD (Coronary Heart Disease) then women. Many things can increase your chance of getting CHD such as, high blood pressure, Menopause, Smoking, and Obesity. Some symptoms may be very noticeable, but sometimes you may have most common symptom). You feel this pain when the heart is not getting enough blood a disease and not even know. Some symptoms maybe chest pain or discomfort (or oxygen. The pain varies depending on the age of the person. Adults with typical chest pain have a higher risk of CHD than those with atypical chest pain. Other symptoms maybe shortness of breath. If you have coronary artery disease that does not cause symptoms, you can be treated with either medicine or angioplasty which is the repair of a blood vessel, by inserting a balloon-tipped hallow tube to unclog it or by replacing part of the vessel with either a piece of the persons own tissue or a prosthetic device.
http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/coronary-heart-disease/overview.html
Title: Disease
Author: Ed. Judson Knight and Neil Schlager
Date of article: 2002
Source of article: http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Diseases%2522&c=2&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2643603009&st=b&tc=63&tf=48
Disease is a word for a condition that keeps the body from functioning normally. Although plants and animals also contract diseases, by far the most significant disease-related areas of interest are those conditions that afflict human beings. There are three main groups of diseases. One group is extrinsic disease which emerges from the outside of the body. Until the 20th century brought changes in the living standards and health care of industrialized societies, extrinsic disease was the greater threat. Another group is intrinsic disease which originates from inside the body. Intrinsic diseases are more common nowadays. Some examples of intrinsic diseases are autoimmune disorders, cancers, hereditary diseases, glandular conditions and conditions resulting from malnutrition. The third group of diseases is of unknown origin. There are also illnesses, such as Alzheimer’s disease, whose causes remain essentially unknown.
Biodiversity
The variety of life on Earth, its biological diversity is normally referred to as biodiversity. The number of species of plants, animals, and microorganisms, the enormous diversity of genes in these species, the different ecosystems on the planet, such as deserts, rainforests and coral reefs are all part of a biologically diverse Earth. The biodiversity found on Earth today is the product of nearly 3.5 billion years of evolution. Australia is one of the most diverse countries on the planet. It is home to more than one million species of plants and animals, many of which are found nowhere else in the world.
References:
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Biodiversity
http://www.globalissues.org/issue/169/biodiversity
Title: SOUND
By: Mcgrath, Jennifer
Date published:06 February 2009
Source: http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?locID=winn39111&bi=SU&bt=%2522Sound%2522&c=1&t=1&ste=21&docNum=CV2434500478&st=b&tc=63&tf=32
Sound is made when an object vibrates and transports kinetic energy to the molecules of the object surrounding it. Kinetic energy uses vibrations from an objects molecule to move kinetic energy to new molecules. When we talk, air moves from our lungs past our vocal cords, causing vibrations. Vocal cords contain two flaps of tissue that can move together or away from each other. When the two flaps are together, they compress in the air between them. When they move farther apart, they cause a decrease in density. Sound waves are a source of entertainment to people for example they let us hear our favorite music or the soothing sounds of nature!
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